What is ELCB?
Full Form: Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker
Complete Definition:
An ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker) is a safety device used in electrical systems to prevent electric shock and fire hazards. It automatically disconnects the power supply when it detects leakage of current to the earth (ground).
How It Works:
Normally, electrical current flows through live and neutral wires.
If any current “leaks” from the circuit (for example, through a human body or faulty wire), the ELCB detects this imbalance.
The ELCB immediately shuts off power to prevent injury or fire.
Types of ELCB:
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Voltage ELCB | Detects voltage on the earth wire; older type |
| Current ELCB (RCCB/RCD) | Detects difference in current between live and neutral wires; widely used today |
Where It’s Used:
Residential homes
Commercial buildings
Industrial setups
Hospitals and schools
Any area with electrical appliances and human contact
Benefits of ELCB:
Prevents electric shocks
Reduces risk of electrical fires
Protects appliances and wiring
Enhances overall electrical safety
Important Note:
ELCBs do not protect against overload or short circuit — for that, MCBs (Miniature Circuit Breakers) are used.