Pongal – The Harvest Festival of Tamil Nadu
1. What is Pongal?
Pongal is a popular harvest festival celebrated mainly in Tamil Nadu, India.
It is dedicated to the Sun God (Surya) to thank nature for a bountiful harvest.
The word “Pongal” in Tamil means “to boil over”, symbolizing prosperity and abundance.
2. When is it Celebrated?
Pongal is a four-day festival usually held in mid-January (around January 14–17).
It coincides with the Tamil month of Thai and the Makar Sankranti festival celebrated in other parts of India.
3. Four Days of Pongal
Bhogi Pongal – First day dedicated to Lord Indra; old belongings are discarded, symbolizing a fresh start.
Surya Pongal – Second day honoring the Sun God; special Pongal dish is cooked and offered.
Mattu Pongal – Third day dedicated to cattle, thanking them for their help in farming.
Kaanum Pongal – Fourth day is for family gatherings, outings, and social visits.
4. The Pongal Dish
Made by boiling newly harvested rice with milk and jaggery in an earthen pot.
As the mixture boils over, people shout “Pongalo Pongal!” to welcome prosperity.
Often garnished with ghee, cashews, and cardamom.
5. Cultural Significance
Marks the beginning of the harvest season.
Promotes gratitude towards nature, unity in families, and cultural traditions.
Celebrated with kolam (rangoli) designs, traditional music, dance, and bull-taming sports like Jallikattu.